Node
。。。Is each computer or device on the network.
。。。Node often shares resources such as printers,large hard disks and programs.
。。。Nodes are connected via cables.
。。。Nodes also can be added to and removed from the network with little or no disruption to the network.



Client
。Client is a computer and mobile devices on the network that requests resources from the server.
。Clients on the network (company employees) access the customer database on the server.
。On a client/server network,one or more computers act as a server, and the client access the servers.



Server
。。A server manages the resources on a network.

。。A server, sometimes called a host computer.

。。For example, a server might store a database of customers.

。。Server controls access to the hardware,software, and other resources on the
network and provides a centralized storage area for programs,data and information.

。。The differences between the server and client computers are that the server ordinarily has more power, more storage space, and expanded communications capabilities.



Hub
..Hub is a star network.
..Also known as central device.
..Hub provides a common central connection point for nodes on the network.
..All data that transfers from one node to another passes through the hub/switch.



Network Interface Card (NIC)
。。a network card, just sometimes called a network interface card.

。。Also the Adapter card, PC card, ExpressCard module, USB network adapter, or flash card that enables a computer device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network.

。。NIC are available for both desktop and notebook computers.

。。Many of these NIC have more than one type of port, which enable different types of cables to attach to the card.

。。NIC also provide wireless data transmission.




Network Operating System (NOS)
~Is an operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.

~Resources are the hardware, software, data, and information.

~For example, a NOS allows multiple users to share a printer, internet access, files and programs.

~NOS also is a set of programs separate from the operating system on the client computers that access the network.





Distributed processing
。Provides forecasting for inventory control, manages and tracks shipping of products, and provides information and analysis on inventory in warehouses.

。Distributed processing also strive to maximize the value of each shipment made by the company while keeping costs to a minimum. And this distributed processing also often integrate with quality control systems.




Host computer
。。sometimes called a server.

。。This is a computer that controls access to the hardware,software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.





Network manager
~Network manager employee who installs, configures, and maintains LANs, WANs, intranets, and internet systems. And also uses the network operating system to establish permissions to resources.

~Network manager also identifies and resolves connectivity issues.



~Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)


A character recognition system using special ink and characters which can read text printed with magnetized automatically in Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for check processing.





~Optical-character recognition (OCR)
< This device uses light source to read characters,marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data. OCR reads characters in OCR fonts too.




~Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
>> It is reading device too. This device got the same functions with OCR TOO. It uses light sources too to read marks and codes and then will converts them into digital data.

Optical-mark recognition reads hand-drawn pencil marks,such as small circles.







~Dot Matrix printer

DOT MATRIX PRINTER is an Impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins strike ribbon.


=It is an Impact printer that forms characters by striking mechanism against inked ribbon that contacts paper.





~Plotters
>>> Plotter is a Sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality drawings.


>>> It is also a Large-format printer that creates photo-realistic-quality color prints.





~Photo printer
= Color printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures.

=Many photo printers have a built-in card slot.

=PictBridge is a standard technology that allows you to print pictures directly from a digital camera.




~Portable printer

Small,lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows mobile user to print from notebook computer, Tablet PC, PDA , or smart phone while travelling.


This printer able to print in high quality and at a reasonable speed too.





~Fax Machine
Also known as facsimile machine. this is a device that transmits and receives documents over telephone lines.

Fax machine too allows us to send and receive electronic documents as faxes.





~Multifunctional Devices
Also called multifunction peripheral....it is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one.


It too provides functionality of printer, scanner,copy machine and fax machine.


~Internet Telephones
=== is a powerful communications software application.


Internet telephones allow us to make phone and fax calls over Internet, LAN or ISDNThe next generation of PC-to-Phone/Fax calling is now available! we can make calls anywhere in the world from our PC over the internet ar highly competitive rates.


~Telephony

Telephony considered as a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls. Telephony is also a technology that provide voice communication over distances, specifically by connecting telephones to each other.
This had made human life convenient.


However, telephony does not offer the same quality of telephone service as direct telephone connections.

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